Not Just Common Scents: Aromatherapy

Aromatherapy is a CAM modality commonly practiced all around the world. It uses distilled essential oils from plants in holistic care for physical and psychological health¹´²´³. Aromatherapy is thought to affect the body by triggering the release of endorphins and other neurotransmitters to create a feeling of well-being, vitality, relaxation, or analgesia, depending on the oils used¹. The essential oils are absorbed through the olfactory (smelling) processes, directly linked to the limbic system of the brain which is also responsible for emotional functions². Physiologically, the essential oils can be absorbed into the bloodstream through the skin, often through massage, and are excreted by the body in sweat, urine, and through exhalation in about 3-6 hours in healthy persons. Essential oils are also known for their antibacterial and antiviral properties³.

True aromatherapy requires the use of 100% pure essential oils that are naturally derived, as chemically-obtained oils may not produce the expected and/or beneficial outcomes found from essential oils². It is also important to note that essential oils are not just pleasant-smelling compounds; rather they are potent, volatile compounds with concentrations that must be carefully administered¹. Because of the potency of essential oils, those new to aromatherapy should research the oils and applications prior to beginning therapy, and/or work with a skillful aromatherapy practitioner. The National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy is a good place to begin researching this CAM modality. In addition, aromatherapy or certain oils may be contraindicated in pregnancy; women who may be pregnant should consult their health care practitioners before starting any aromatherapy treatments.

There are many education programs for nurses wanting to learn more about aromatherapy. The American Holistic Nurses Association lists several endorsed programs.

¹Potts, J. (2009). Aromatherapy in nursing practice. Australian Nursing Journal, 16, 55.

²Walls, D. (2009). Herbs and natural therapies for pregnancy, birth, and breastfeeding. Interntional Journal of Childbirth Education, 24, 29-37.

³Yim, V.W.C., Ng, A.K.Y., Tsang, H.W.H., Leung, A.Y. (2009). A review on the effects of aromatherapy for patients with depressive symptoms. The Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 15, 187-195.